Introduction

Security teams can’t hire their way out of risk. They must build capability through a structured training path that maps skills to real threats and regulatory duties. This article turns the outline “De aprendiz a experto…” into an operational roadmap spanning awareness, intermediate certifications, and advanced Red/Blue/Purple Team practice, with measurable outcomes. fileciteturn0file0

Body

1) Awareness & Foundations

Goals: shrink human attack surface and normalize secure behavior.

• Role-based awareness for executives, non-technical staff, and IT.
• Phishing simulations with progressive difficulty and relevant lures.
• Microlearning on hygiene, passwords, MFA, data handling, and incident reporting.
• Clear reporting paths with SLA-like expectations.

Suggested metrics

• Phishing Susceptibility Rate (PSR): click rate on simulations; target ≤ 4% in 12 months.
• Report Rate: % of users correctly reporting a simulation within 24h; target ≥ 35%.
• Completion Rate: course completion by role; target ≥ 95% quarterly.

2) Intermediate Training & Certifications

Role-aligned pathways:

• SOC Analyst (Tier 1–2): CompTIA Security+ → CySA+ → SIEM/EDR vendor or vendor-neutral training.
• GRC / Compliance: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer/Lead Auditor, national schemes (e.g., ENS), NIST RMF.
• Ethical Offense: eJPT/eCPPT/OSCP after strong foundations in networks, Linux, and scripting.
• Architecture & Hardening: NIST SP 800-53/-190, CIS Benchmarks, Zero Trust.

Hands-on practice

• Platforms like Hack The Box, RangeForce, Immersive Labs.
• Tabletop exercises and playbooks aligned to MITRE ATT&CK.

3) Advanced Teams: Red, Blue, and Purple

• Blue: detection/containment using SIEM, EDR, NDR, UEBA; ATT&CK-driven detections.
• Red: threat emulation with OPSEC, C2, LOL techniques, controlled exfiltration.
• Purple: iterative Red↔Blue loop to harden detections, telemetry, and playbooks.
• CTFs & virtual ranges: recurring exercises with targets on MTTD/MTTR and use-case coverage.

Applications/Impact

• Talent gap reduction: role-based tracks ramp productivity in 3–6 months. fileciteturn0file0
• Resilience: measurable reductions in MTTD/MTTR and broader detection coverage.
• Regulatory confidence: alignment with ISO 27001, national schemes, and NIST improves audit readiness and due diligence.
• ROI: fewer avoidable incidents and lower downtime costs.

KPIs & OKRs

• ATT&CK Coverage: % of priority techniques with ≥1 effective detection (target ≥ 70% in 9–12 months).
• MTTD/MTTR: MTTD ≤ 15 min (SOC), MTTR ≤ 4 h (high severity).
• MFA Adoption: ≥ 98% on high-risk accounts.
• Control Compliance: % of ISO/ENS/NIST controls implemented & verified (target ≥ 90%).
• Purple Iterations: ≥ 1/month with findings remediated <30 days.

12-Month Rollout

• Q1: risk baseline, role maps, awareness launch, initial phishing, MFA push, SOC use-case inventory.
• Q2: foundational certs (Security+/ISO fundamentals), guided labs, first tabletops, ATT&CK detections for top TTPs.
• Q3: controlled Red Team emulation, SIEM/EDR tuning, start Purple loop, track MTTD/MTTR, internal ISO/ENS audit.
• Q4: expand ATT&CK coverage, intermediate certs (CySA+/OSCP per role), crisis exercise, lessons learned, plan Y+1.

Conclusion

An effective training path is not a list of courses—it is a measured capability-building program. Combining awareness, certifications, hands-on labs, and a Purple Team loop converts learning into defensive outcomes that reduce risk and strengthen compliance. fileciteturn0file0

Sources

• NIST NICE Framework (SP 800-181).
• MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Matrix.
• ISO/IEC 27001:2022 and ISO/IEC 27002:2022.
• NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 / NIST SP 800-37 (RMF).
• ENS (Esquema Nacional de Seguridad, Spain).
• SANS Security Awareness Maturity Model.
• ENISA Threat Landscape 2024/2025.